Currently, the primary revenue model for industrial and commercial user-side energy storage is peak-valley arbitrage, combined with local subsidies, demand-side response, demand management, and energy time-shifting. It can also participate in virtual power plant operations to share profits. According to the latest two-part electricity price income calculations published by the State Grid in 2023, the return rates for typical provinces are as follows: Zhejiang can reach 30%, while Guangdong and Jiangsu are both above 20%.